Tag Archives: wikipedia

Professor Keane’s tractionless democracy

Recently I have had the good fortune of listening to a conference by political theorist John Keane. In a nutshell, what he told us is this after 1945 democracy started to morph into a model that he calls monitory democracy. In this model, the control functions are not only allocated to the legislative power and variously representative institutions arranged in the classic checks and balances scheme, but are also arrogated by citizens through media. The present phase of media democratization and pulverization is greatly increasing the effectiveness of this second type of control; furthermore, it is taking it to a global level, thanks to Internet-native organizations like Wikileaks, that have no national allegiance. The presentation’s key slide was the image you see above, with Gulliver tied down by Lilliputians. Keane used this image as an allegory of monitory democracy: with many ties, though each one is hair thin, the Leviathan can be immobilized.

With all due respect, I find this model unconvincing. Firstly, it is inadequate as a positive model: it does not describe reality accurately. According to many thinkers (including Clay Shirky, extensively quoted by Keane himself), the main novelty of the networked society is not an augmented ability for monitoring and blocking (though that is there too), but an augmented ability for barn raising on an unprecedented scale. Granted, the Internet gave us a great many blog that can sustain prolonged wrangles with public authorities on very specific issues, like no instantiation of traditional media could ever do. But above all it gave us Wikipedia, Ushahidi, Katrinalist/Person Finder and many more tools for building commons. This is no patch: it opens up radically new paths for development.

Secondly, monitory democracy is inadequate as a normative model: it’s not nearly all we need. We are faced with life-and-death challenges: contain global warming, redesign the social contract to make it acceptable for the young generations, bring finance back under control. To make a credible attempt to win them we are going to need effective, resourceful, proactive governance. Like poor tied-down Gulliver, Keane’s democracy feels horribly tractionless: think a car with strong, highly sensitive brakes and a comparatively very feeble engine. Personally, I find that the Internet’s greatest gift is that it increases our power to act collectively, not that it decreases it. By collaborating with them, we can empower institutions, keep them in check if they go bad, and help steering them, all rolled in one package. It would be irresponsible not to use this gift for the survival and thrival of the species. Even Lilliputians came to sense and freed Gulliver, harnessing his giant strength to destroy the menacing fleet of Blefuscu. I hope and believe we will have the same sense.

Un social network è un atto d’amore

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In Here comes everybody (consigliatissimo, ma del resto Clay Shirky è una garanzia assoluta) c’è una frase che secondo me vale il libro. In un capitolo che parla di Wikipedia, viene introdotto il tempio Shinto di Ise, in Giappone, che in oltre un millennio è stato ricostruito sessantuno volte usando legno dallo stesso bosco. Tradizionalmente il legno è il principale materiale di costruzione in Giappone: poiché la durata del legno in edilizia è limitata a un paio di secoli nel migliore dei casi, la soluzione della ricostruzione periodica è l’unica possibile su quel tipo di scala temporale. A questo punto Shirky raggiunge (e fa raggiungere al lettore) un momento di puro satori:

Wikipedia è un tempio Shinto. Esiste non in quanto edificio, ma in quanto atto d’amore. Come il tempio di Ise, Wikipedia esiste perché c’è un numero sufficiente di persone che la amano, e, cosa più importante, si amano nel contesto che essa fornisce. Questo non significa che le persone che la costruiscono siano sempre d’accordo, ma amare qualcuno non preclude l’essere in disaccordo con lui (come la vostra stessa esperienza senza dubbio vi confermerà). [traduzione mia]

Mi ritrovo completamente. La mia piccola esperienza di utente di social network è tutta declinabile in termini di atti d’amore per le diverse comunità che ho frequentato, e per le singole persone nel contesto di quelle comunità. Kublai, il social network che alcuni amici ed io stesso stiamo provando a lanciare, è assolutamente un atto d’amore per i creativi italiani, dalle cui fila (sezione rock’n’roll) io stesso provengo, e che credo portino in sé un seme di futuro. Per questo ci sono sopra in continuazione, leggo tutti i profili e seguo tutti i link, e continuo a stupirmi dell’energia creativa (in genere inutilizzata o sottoutilizzata) che arriva da una società ferma come quella italiana. Dalla “Second Life al contrario” dei giochi online che spingono a uscire di casa e riappropriarsi degli spazi pubblici ai trailers per i libri, la creatività umana riesce a reinventare il mondo e a indicare nuovi percorsi di sviluppo. Questo è un bene preziosissimo, che vale tutti i miei sforzi e anche di più.

(Corollario: il sentiero per lo sviluppo economico implicito in Kublai si basa sulla creazione di infrastrutture cognitive, di cui la community dei creativi è un esempio. Possiamo dire che facciamo sviluppo puntando sull’amore, come forza che ricrea continuamente le infrastrutture cognitive su cui “girano” le iniziative di sviluppo? Troppo mistico?)

Beinvgnû su Wikipedia

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… L’enziclopedìa lébbra ech tótt i pólen cambièr!

I happened to write a message in dialect on my Facebook wall, much to the puzzlement of my friend Luca Galli. He would be even more puzzled to read Wikipedia in Emiliano-Romagnolo! There are pages in the Bologna, Modena, Reggio Emilia, Ferrara, Parma, Piacenza, Carrara and Romagna dialects.

According to the List of Wikipedias this version ranks 156th by name of articles: 528, written by 177 users. It comes after the Oriya and before the one in Tahitian. The most popular Italian dialect on Wikipedia is the Lombard one, with 13.569 articles written by 419 users (that’s an average of more than 30 articles per user! Lombards have reputation for being industrious, but this is ridiculuous. Some NGO funded by the Northern League must be using public money here – not in an entirely wasteful way, for once). The Lombard Wikipedia has more articles than the Irish and Latvian ones (both are official languages of the European Union): it ranks 64th, after the Macedonian and before the Sundanese.

I like dialect, and I am very happy that a Wikipedia in Emiliano-Romagnolo exists. It would be nice to write some more articles, to get to 1000 by the end of the year! It would also be a good idea to keep an eye on the English articles regarding Italian dialects. In fact, I just edited http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emiliano-Romagnolo#Usage which claimed that Italian politicians discouraged the use of dialect as it was an obstacle to the integration of immigrants from southern Italy. That is not true, and has almost certainly been written by some Northern League zealot. Fellow citizens, Northern League supporters, dialect belongs to us all, not to any party. And, like all languages, it is there to reach out to others, not to exclude them. Listen to me, forget politics, and devote your energies to writing Wikipedia articles. Only five more to overtake Oriya and Wolof!:-)